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3809. Best Reachable Tower

Description

You are given a 2D integer array towers, where towers[i] = [xi, yi, qi] represents the coordinates (xi, yi) and quality factor qi of the ith tower.

You are also given an integer array center = [cx, cy​​​​​​​] representing your location, and an integer radius.

A tower is reachable if its Manhattan distance from center is less than or equal to radius.

Among all reachable towers:

  • Return the coordinates of the tower with the maximum quality factor.
  • If there is a tie, return the tower with the lexicographically smallest coordinate. If no tower is reachable, return [-1, -1].

The Manhattan Distance between two cells (xi, yi) and (xj, yj) is \|xi - xj\| + \|yi - yj\|.

A coordinate [xi, yi] is lexicographically smaller than [xj, yj] if xi < xj, or xi == xj and yi < yj.

\|x\| denotes the absolute value of x.

 

Example 1:

Input: towers = [[1,2,5], [2,1,7], [3,1,9]], center = [1,1], radius = 2

Output: [3,1]

Explanation:

  • Tower [1, 2, 5]: Manhattan distance = \|1 - 1\| + \|2 - 1\| = 1, reachable.
  • Tower [2, 1, 7]: Manhattan distance = \|2 - 1\| + \|1 - 1\| = 1, reachable.
  • Tower [3, 1, 9]: Manhattan distance = \|3 - 1\| + \|1 - 1\| = 2, reachable.

All towers are reachable. The maximum quality factor is 9, which corresponds to tower [3, 1].

Example 2:

Input: towers = [[1,3,4], [2,2,4], [4,4,7]], center = [0,0], radius = 5

Output: [1,3]

Explanation:

  • Tower [1, 3, 4]: Manhattan distance = \|1 - 0\| + \|3 - 0\| = 4, reachable.
  • Tower [2, 2, 4]: Manhattan distance = \|2 - 0\| + \|2 - 0\| = 4, reachable.
  • Tower [4, 4, 7]: Manhattan distance = \|4 - 0\| + \|4 - 0\| = 8, not reachable.

Among the reachable towers, the maximum quality factor is 4. Both [1, 3] and [2, 2] have the same quality, so the lexicographically smaller coordinate is [1, 3].

Example 3:

Input: towers = [[5,6,8], [0,3,5]], center = [1,2], radius = 1

Output: [-1,-1]

Explanation:

  • Tower [5, 6, 8]: Manhattan distance = \|5 - 1\| + \|6 - 2\| = 8, not reachable.
  • Tower [0, 3, 5]: Manhattan distance = \|0 - 1\| + \|3 - 2\| = 2, not reachable.

No tower is reachable within the given radius, so [-1, -1] is returned.

 

Constraints:

  • 1 <= towers.length <= 105
  • towers[i] = [xi, yi, qi]
  • center = [cx, cy]
  • 0 <= xi, yi, qi, cx, cy <= 105​​​​​​​
  • 0 <= radius <= 105

Solutions

Solution 1: One-Pass Traversal

We define a variable $\textit{idx}$ to record the index of the current best tower, initially $\textit{idx} = -1$. Then, we traverse each tower and calculate the Manhattan distance $\textit{dist}$ between it and $\textit{center}$:

\[\textit{dist} = \|x_i - cx\| + \|y_i - cy\|\]

If $\textit{dist} > \textit{radius}$, the tower is unreachable, so we skip it. Otherwise, we compare the quality factor $q$ of the current tower with that of the best tower:

  • If $\textit{idx} = -1$, it means no reachable tower has been found yet, so we update $\textit{idx}$ to the current tower’s index.
  • If the current tower’s quality factor $q_i$ is greater than the best tower’s quality factor $q_{\textit{idx}}$, we update $\textit{idx}$ to the current tower’s index.
  • If the current tower’s quality factor $q_i$ is equal to the best tower’s quality factor $q_{\textit{idx}}$, we compare the coordinates of the two towers and choose the one with the smaller lexicographical order.

After the traversal ends, if $\textit{idx} = -1$, it means there are no reachable towers, so we return $[-1, -1]$. Otherwise, we return the coordinates of the best tower.

The time complexity is $O(n)$, where $n$ is the number of towers. The space complexity is $O(1)$.

  • class Solution {
        public int[] bestTower(int[][] towers, int[] center, int radius) {
            int cx = center[0], cy = center[1];
            int idx = -1;
            for (int i = 0; i < towers.length; i++) {
                int x = towers[i][0], y = towers[i][1], q = towers[i][2];
                int dist = Math.abs(x - cx) + Math.abs(y - cy);
                if (dist > radius) {
                    continue;
                }
                if (idx == -1 || towers[idx][2] < q
                    || (towers[idx][2] == q
                        && (x < towers[idx][0] || (x == towers[idx][0] && y < towers[idx][1])))) {
                    idx = i;
                }
            }
            return idx == -1 ? new int[] {-1, -1} : new int[] {towers[idx][0], towers[idx][1]};
        }
    }
    
    
  • class Solution {
    public:
        vector<int> bestTower(vector<vector<int>>& towers, vector<int>& center, int radius) {
            int cx = center[0], cy = center[1];
            int idx = -1;
            for (int i = 0; i < towers.size(); ++i) {
                int x = towers[i][0], y = towers[i][1], q = towers[i][2];
                int dist = abs(x - cx) + abs(y - cy);
                if (dist > radius) {
                    continue;
                }
                if (
                    idx == -1
                    || towers[idx][2] < q
                    || (towers[idx][2] == q && (x < towers[idx][0] || (x == towers[idx][0] && y < towers[idx][1])))) {
                    idx = i;
                }
            }
            if (idx == -1) {
                return {-1, -1};
            }
            return {towers[idx][0], towers[idx][1]};
        }
    };
    
    
  • class Solution:
        def bestTower(
            self, towers: List[List[int]], center: List[int], radius: int
        ) -> List[int]:
            cx, cy = center
            idx = -1
            for i, (x, y, q) in enumerate(towers):
                dist = abs(x - cx) + abs(y - cy)
                if dist > radius:
                    continue
                if (
                    idx == -1
                    or towers[idx][2] < q
                    or (towers[idx][2] == q and towers[i][:2] < towers[idx][:2])
                ):
                    idx = i
            return [-1, -1] if idx == -1 else towers[idx][:2]
    
    
  • func bestTower(towers [][]int, center []int, radius int) []int {
    	cx, cy := center[0], center[1]
    	idx := -1
    	for i, a := range towers {
    		x, y, q := a[0], a[1], a[2]
    		dist := abs(x-cx) + abs(y-cy)
    		if dist > radius {
    			continue
    		}
    		if idx == -1 ||
    			towers[idx][2] < q ||
    			(towers[idx][2] == q &&
    				(x < towers[idx][0] ||
    					(x == towers[idx][0] && y < towers[idx][1]))) {
    			idx = i
    		}
    	}
    	if idx == -1 {
    		return []int{-1, -1}
    	}
    	return []int{towers[idx][0], towers[idx][1]}
    }
    
    func abs(x int) int {
    	if x < 0 {
    		return -x
    	}
    	return x
    }
    
    
  • function bestTower(towers: number[][], center: number[], radius: number): number[] {
        const [cx, cy] = center;
        let idx = -1;
        for (let i = 0; i < towers.length; i++) {
            const [x, y, q] = towers[i];
            const dist = Math.abs(x - cx) + Math.abs(y - cy);
            if (dist > radius) {
                continue;
            }
            if (
                idx === -1 ||
                towers[idx][2] < q ||
                (towers[idx][2] === q &&
                    (x < towers[idx][0] || (x === towers[idx][0] && y < towers[idx][1])))
            ) {
                idx = i;
            }
        }
        return idx === -1 ? [-1, -1] : [towers[idx][0], towers[idx][1]];
    }
    
    

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