Formatted question description: https://leetcode.ca/all/1740.html
1740. Find Distance in a Binary Tree
Level
Medium
Description
Given the root of a binary tree and two integers p
and q
, return the distance between the nodes of value p
and value q
in the tree.
The distance between two nodes is the number of edges on the path from one to the other.
Example 1:
Input: root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4], p = 5, q = 0
Output: 3
Explanation: There are 3 edges between 5 and 0: 5-3-1-0.
Example 2:
Input: root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4], p = 5, q = 7
Output: 2
Explanation: There are 2 edges between 5 and 7: 5-2-7.
Example 3:
Input: root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4], p = 5, q = 5
Output: 0
Explanation: The distance between a node and itself is 0.
Constraints:
- The number of nodes in the tree is in the range
[1, 10^4]
. 0 <= Node.val <= 10^9
- All
Node.val
are unique. p
andq
are values in the tree.
Solution
Related: 236-Lowest-Common-Ancestor-of-a-Binary-Tree/
First, find the lowest common ancestor of the two nodes with values p
and q
. Next, calculate the distances from the lowest common ancestor to the two nodes with values p
and q
, respectively. Finally, calculate the sum of the two distances and return.
Alternative-1
hashmap to store distance of every node-pair during finding LCA, then just map look up.
Alternative-2
Dist(n1, n2) = Dist(root, n1) + Dist(root, n2) - 2 * Dist(root, lca)
- ‘n1’ and ‘n2’ are the two given keys
- ‘root’ is root of given Binary Tree.
- ‘lca’ is lowest common ancestor of n1 and n2
- Dist(n1, n2) is the distance between n1 and n2.
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* public class TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode left;
* TreeNode right;
* TreeNode() {}
* TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
* TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
* this.val = val;
* this.left = left;
* this.right = right;
* }
* }
*/
// alternative: hashmap to store distance of every node-pair during finding LCA, then just map look up
class Solution {
public int findDistance(TreeNode root, int p, int q) {
if (p == q)
return 0;
TreeNode ancestor = lowestCommonAncestor(root, p, q);
return getDistance(ancestor, p) + getDistance(ancestor, q);
}
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, int p, int q) {
if (root == null)
return null;
if (root.val == p || root.val == q)
return root;
TreeNode left = lowestCommonAncestor(root.left, p, q);
TreeNode right = lowestCommonAncestor(root.right, p, q);
if (left != null && right != null)
return root;
return left == null ? right : left;
}
public int getDistance(TreeNode node, int val) {
if (node == null)
return -1;
if (node.val == val)
return 0;
int leftDistance = getDistance(node.left, val);
int rightDistance = getDistance(node.right, val);
int subDistance = Math.max(leftDistance, rightDistance);
return subDistance >= 0 ? subDistance + 1 : -1;
}
}