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Formatted question description: https://leetcode.ca/all/1405.html

1405. Longest Happy String (Medium)

A string is called happy if it does not have any of the strings 'aaa', 'bbb' or 'ccc' as a substring.

Given three integers a, b and c, return any string s, which satisfies following conditions:

  • s is happy and longest possible.
  • s contains at most a occurrences of the letter 'a', at most b occurrences of the letter 'b' and at most c occurrences of the letter 'c'.
  • will only contain 'a', 'b' and 'c' letters.

If there is no such string s return the empty string "".

 

Example 1:

Input: a = 1, b = 1, c = 7
Output: "ccaccbcc"
Explanation: "ccbccacc" would also be a correct answer.

Example 2:

Input: a = 2, b = 2, c = 1
Output: "aabbc"

Example 3:

Input: a = 7, b = 1, c = 0
Output: "aabaa"
Explanation: It's the only correct answer in this case.

 

Constraints:

  • 0 <= a, b, c <= 100
  • a + b + c > 0

Related Topics:
Dynamic Programming, Greedy

Solution 1.

// OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-happy-string/
// Time: O(A+B+C)
// Space: O(1)
class Solution {
public:
    string longestDiverseString(int a, int b, int c) {
        int cnt[3] = {a, b, c}, prev = -1;
        string ans;
        while (true) {
            int maxIndex = -1;
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
                if (i != prev && (maxIndex == -1 || cnt[i] > cnt[maxIndex])) maxIndex = i;
            }
            if (cnt[maxIndex] == 0) break;
            int num = min(2, cnt[maxIndex]);
            if (prev != -1 && cnt[prev] > cnt[maxIndex]) num = 1;
            cnt[maxIndex] -= num;
            while (num--) ans.push_back(maxIndex + 'a');
            prev = maxIndex;
        }
        return ans;
    }
};
  • class Solution {
        public String longestDiverseString(int a, int b, int c) {
            PriorityQueue<LetterCount> priorityQueue = new PriorityQueue<LetterCount>();
            if (a > 0)
                priorityQueue.offer(new LetterCount('a', a));
            if (b > 0)
                priorityQueue.offer(new LetterCount('b', b));
            if (c > 0)
                priorityQueue.offer(new LetterCount('c', c));
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            char prevLetter = 'z';
            int prevCount = 0;
            while (!priorityQueue.isEmpty()) {
                LetterCount letterCount = priorityQueue.poll();
                char letter = letterCount.letter;
                int count = letterCount.count;
                if (letter == prevLetter) {
                    if (prevCount < 2) {
                        int curCount = Math.min(count, 2 - prevCount);
                        for (int i = 0; i < curCount; i++)
                            sb.append(letter);
                        prevCount += curCount;
                        letterCount.count -= curCount;
                        if (letterCount.count > 0)
                            priorityQueue.offer(letterCount);
                    } else {
                        if (priorityQueue.isEmpty())
                            break;
                        LetterCount letterCount2 = priorityQueue.poll();
                        sb.append(letterCount2.letter);
                        letterCount2.count--;
                        if (letterCount2.count > 0)
                            priorityQueue.offer(letterCount2);
                        priorityQueue.offer(letterCount);
                        prevLetter = letterCount2.letter;
                        prevCount = 1;
                    }
                } else {
                    int curCount = Math.min(count, 2);
                    for (int i = 0; i < curCount; i++)
                        sb.append(letter);
                    letterCount.count -= curCount;
                    if (letterCount.count > 0)
                        priorityQueue.offer(letterCount);
                    prevLetter = letter;
                    prevCount = curCount;
                }
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
    }
    
    class LetterCount implements Comparable<LetterCount> {
        char letter;
        int count;
    
        public LetterCount(char letter, int count) {
            this.letter = letter;
            this.count = count;
        }
    
        public int compareTo(LetterCount letterCount2) {
            if (this.count != letterCount2.count)
                return letterCount2.count - this.count;
            else
                return this.letter - letterCount2.letter;
        }
    }
    
  • // OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-happy-string/
    // Time: O(A+B+C)
    // Space: O(1)
    class Solution {
    public:
        string longestDiverseString(int a, int b, int c) {
            int cnt[3] = {a, b, c}, prev = -1;
            string ans;
            while (true) {
                int maxIndex = -1;
                for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
                    if (i != prev && (maxIndex == -1 || cnt[i] > cnt[maxIndex])) maxIndex = i;
                }
                if (cnt[maxIndex] == 0) break;
                int num = min(2, cnt[maxIndex]);
                if (prev != -1 && cnt[prev] > cnt[maxIndex]) num = 1;
                cnt[maxIndex] -= num;
                while (num--) ans.push_back(maxIndex + 'a');
                prev = maxIndex;
            }
            return ans;
        }
    };
    
  • class Solution:
        def longestDiverseString(self, a: int, b: int, c: int) -> str:
            h = []
            if a > 0:
                heappush(h, [-a, 'a'])
            if b > 0:
                heappush(h, [-b, 'b'])
            if c > 0:
                heappush(h, [-c, 'c'])
    
            ans = []
            while len(h) > 0:
                cur = heappop(h)
                if len(ans) >= 2 and ans[-1] == cur[1] and ans[-2] == cur[1]:
                    if len(h) == 0:
                        break
                    nxt = heappop(h)
                    ans.append(nxt[1])
                    if -nxt[0] > 1:
                        nxt[0] += 1
                        heappush(h, nxt)
                    heappush(h, cur)
                else:
                    ans.append(cur[1])
                    if -cur[0] > 1:
                        cur[0] += 1
                        heappush(h, cur)
    
            return ''.join(ans)
    
    ############
    
    class Solution:
        def longestDiverseString(self, a: int, b: int, c: int) -> str:
            d = [[a, "a"], [b, "b"], [c, "c"]]
            total = a + b + c
            res = ""
            def canAdd(res, x):
                return len(res) < 2 or res[-1] != x or res[-2] != x
            while total > 0:
                d.sort(reverse=True)
                for i, (count, char) in enumerate(d):
                    if count == 0: continue
                    if canAdd(res, char):
                        res += char
                        d[i][0] -= 1
                        total -= 1
                        break
                else:
                    break
            return res
    

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