Formatted question description: https://leetcode.ca/all/975.html

# 975. Odd Even Jump

Hard

## Description

You are given an integer array A. From some starting index, you can make a series of jumps. The (1st, 3rd, 5th, …) jumps in the series are called odd numbered jumps, and the (2nd, 4th, 6th, …) jumps in the series are called even numbered jumps.

You may from index i jump forward to index j (with i < j) in the following way:

• During odd numbered jumps (ie. jumps 1, 3, 5, …), you jump to the index j such that A[i] <= A[j] and A[j] is the smallest possible value. If there are multiple such indexes j, you can only jump to the smallest such index j.
• During even numbered jumps (ie. jumps 2, 4, 6, …), you jump to the index j such that A[i] >= A[j] and A[j] is the largest possible value. If there are multiple such indexes j, you can only jump to the smallest such index j.
• (It may be the case that for some index i, there are no legal jumps.)

A starting index is good if, starting from that index, you can reach the end of the array (index A.length - 1) by jumping some number of times (possibly 0 or more than once.)

Return the number of good starting indexes.

Example 1:

Input: [10,13,12,14,15]

Output: 2

Explanation:

From starting index i = 0, we can jump to i = 2 (since A[2] is the smallest among A[1], A[2], A[3], A[4] that is greater or equal to A[0]), then we can’t jump any more.

From starting index i = 1 and i = 2, we can jump to i = 3, then we can’t jump any more.

From starting index i = 3, we can jump to i = 4, so we’ve reached the end.

From starting index i = 4, we’ve reached the end already.

In total, there are 2 different starting indexes (i = 3, i = 4) where we can reach the end with some number of jumps.

Example 2:

Input: [2,3,1,1,4]

Output: 3

Explanation:

From starting index i = 0, we make jumps to i = 1, i = 2, i = 3:

During our 1st jump (odd numbered), we first jump to i = 1 because A[1] is the smallest value in (A[1], A[2], A[3], A[4]) that is greater than or equal to A[0].

During our 2nd jump (even numbered), we jump from i = 1 to i = 2 because A[2] is the largest value in (A[2], A[3], A[4]) that is less than or equal to A[1]. A[3] is also the largest value, but 2 is a smaller index, so we can only jump to i = 2 and not i = 3.

During our 3rd jump (odd numbered), we jump from i = 2 to i = 3 because A[3] is the smallest value in (A[3], A[4]) that is greater than or equal to A[2].

We can’t jump from i = 3 to i = 4, so the starting index i = 0 is not good.

In a similar manner, we can deduce that:

From starting index i = 1, we jump to i = 4, so we reach the end.

From starting index i = 2, we jump to i = 3, and then we can’t jump anymore.

From starting index i = 3, we jump to i = 4, so we reach the end.

From starting index i = 4, we are already at the end.

In total, there are 3 different starting indexes (i = 1, i = 3, i = 4) where we can reach the end with some number of jumps.

Example 3:

Input: [5,1,3,4,2]

Output: 3

Explanation:

We can reach the end from starting indexes 1, 2, and 4.

Note:

1. 1 <= A.length <= 20000
2. 0 <= A[i] < 100000

## Solution

Use dynamic programming. Create two arrays oddJumps and evenJumps of length A.length, where oddJumps[i] and evenJumps[i] represent that whether an odd jump and an even jump starting from index i can reach reach the end of the array. Initialize oddJumps[A.length - 1] = true and evenJumps[A.length - 1] = true. Use a tree map to store each element in array A and the smallest index that has the element, where the keys are sorted in ascending order. Initially, put [A[A.length - 1], A.length - 1] into the tree map.

For index i from A.length - 2 to 0, obtain key = A[i]. If the tree map contains the key key, then obtain index from the tree map using key, and update oddJumps[i] = evenJumps[index] and evenJumps[i] = oddJumps[index]. If the tree map does not contain the key key, then obtain the lower key of key and the higher key of key, and update evenJumps[i] with the lower key’s information and update oddJumps[i] with the higher key’s information. Then put [key, i] into the tree map.

If for index i, oddJumps[i] is true, then it means that a jump starting from index i can reach the end of the array. Therefore, loop over oddJumps and count the number of elements true, and return the count.

class Solution {
public int oddEvenJumps(int[] A) {
int length = A.length;
boolean[] oddJumps = new boolean[length];
boolean[] evenJumps = new boolean[length];
oddJumps[length - 1] = true;
evenJumps[length - 1] = true;
TreeMap<Integer, Integer> map = new TreeMap<Integer, Integer>();
map.put(A[length - 1], length - 1);
for (int i = length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
int key = A[i];
if (map.containsKey(key)) {
int index = map.get(key);
oddJumps[i] = evenJumps[index];
evenJumps[i] = oddJumps[index];
} else {
Integer lowerKey = map.lowerKey(key);
Integer higherKey = map.higherKey(key);
if (lowerKey != null) {
int lowerKeyIndex = map.get(lowerKey);
evenJumps[i] = oddJumps[lowerKeyIndex];
}
if (higherKey != null) {
int higherKeyIndex = map.get(higherKey);
oddJumps[i] = evenJumps[higherKeyIndex];
}
}
map.put(key, i);
}
int goodStartCount = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (oddJumps[i])
goodStartCount++;
}
return goodStartCount;
}
}