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Formatted question description: https://leetcode.ca/all/430.html

430. Flatten a Multilevel Doubly Linked List (Medium)

You are given a doubly linked list which in addition to the next and previous pointers, it could have a child pointer, which may or may not point to a separate doubly linked list. These child lists may have one or more children of their own, and so on, to produce a multilevel data structure, as shown in the example below.

Flatten the list so that all the nodes appear in a single-level, doubly linked list. You are given the head of the first level of the list.

 

Example 1:

Input: head = [1,2,3,4,5,6,null,null,null,7,8,9,10,null,null,11,12]
Output: [1,2,3,7,8,11,12,9,10,4,5,6]
Explanation:

The multilevel linked list in the input is as follows:



After flattening the multilevel linked list it becomes:


Example 2:

Input: head = [1,2,null,3]
Output: [1,3,2]
Explanation:

The input multilevel linked list is as follows:

  1---2---NULL
  |
  3---NULL

Example 3:

Input: head = []
Output: []

 

How multilevel linked list is represented in test case:

We use the multilevel linked list from Example 1 above:

 1---2---3---4---5---6--NULL
         |
         7---8---9---10--NULL
             |
             11--12--NULL

The serialization of each level is as follows:

[1,2,3,4,5,6,null]
[7,8,9,10,null]
[11,12,null]

To serialize all levels together we will add nulls in each level to signify no node connects to the upper node of the previous level. The serialization becomes:

[1,2,3,4,5,6,null]
[null,null,7,8,9,10,null]
[null,11,12,null]

Merging the serialization of each level and removing trailing nulls we obtain:

[1,2,3,4,5,6,null,null,null,7,8,9,10,null,null,11,12]

 

Constraints:

  • Number of Nodes will not exceed 1000.
  • 1 <= Node.val <= 10^5

Related Topics:
Linked List, Depth-first Search

Similar Questions:

Solution 1. Recursive

// OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/flatten-a-multilevel-doubly-linked-list/
// Time: O(N)
// Space: O(H)
class Solution {
public:
    Node* flatten(Node* head) {
        if (!head) return NULL;
        Node dummy, *tail = &dummy;
        while (head) {
            auto node = head;
            head = head->next;
            tail->next = node;
            node->prev = tail;
            tail = node;
            if (node->child) {
                auto next = flatten(node->child);
                tail->next = next;
                next->prev = tail;
                while (tail->next) tail = tail->next;
            }
            node->child = NULL;
        }
        dummy.next->prev = NULL;
        return dummy.next;
    }
};

Solution 2. Stack

// OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/flatten-a-multilevel-doubly-linked-list/
// Time: O(N)
// Space: O(H)
class Solution {
public:
    Node* flatten(Node* head) {
        if (!head) return NULL;
        Node dummy, *tail = &dummy;
        stack<Node*> s;
        s.push(head);
        while (s.size()) {
            auto node = s.top(), child = node->child;
            tail->next = node;
            node->prev = tail;
            tail = node;
            node->child = NULL;
            if (node->next) s.top() = node->next;
            else s.pop();
            if (child) s.push(child);
        }
        dummy.next->prev = NULL;
        return dummy.next;
    }
};

Solution 3. Recursive

Return a pair of pointers to first node and last node so that we don’t need to traversel the flattened child again during the recursion.

// OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/flatten-a-multilevel-doubly-linked-list/
// Time: O(N)
// Space: O(H) where H is the max depth of the child hierarchy.
class Solution {
    pair<Node*, Node*> dfs(Node* head) {
        if (!head) return {NULL, NULL};
        pair<Node*, Node*> p = {head, NULL}; // first node, last node.
        while (head) {
            auto next = head->next;
            auto last = head;
            if (head->child) {
                auto q = dfs(head->child);
                head->next = q.first;
                q.first->prev = head;
                if (next) {
                    q.second->next = next;
                    next->prev = q.second;
                } else last = q.second;
                head->child = NULL;
            }
            if (!next) p.second = last;
            head = next;
        }
        return p;
    }
public:
    Node* flatten(Node* head) {
        return dfs(head).first;
    }
};

Solution 4.

// OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/flatten-a-multilevel-doubly-linked-list/
// Time: O(N)
// Space: O(1)
class Solution {
public:
    Node* flatten(Node* head) {
        for (auto p = head; p; p = p->next) {
            if (!p->child) continue;
            auto next = p->next, q = p->child;
            p->next = q;
            q->prev = p;
            while (q->next) q = q->next;
            q->next = next;
            if (next) next->prev = q;
            p->child = NULL;
        }
        return head;
    }
};
  • /*
    // Definition for a Node.
    class Node {
        public int val;
        public Node prev;
        public Node next;
        public Node child;
    };
    */
    class Solution {
        public Node flatten(Node head) {
            if (head == null)
                return head;
            Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
            Node temp = head;
            while (!stack.isEmpty() || temp.next != null || temp.child != null) {
                if (temp.next != null) {
                    if (temp.child != null) {
                        stack.push(temp);
                        temp = temp.child;
                    } else
                        temp = temp.next;
                } else if (temp.child != null) {
                    Node nextNode = temp.child;
                    temp.next = nextNode;
                    nextNode.prev = temp;
                    temp.child = null;
                } else {
                    Node prevNode = stack.pop();
                    Node prevNext = prevNode.next;
                    Node prevChild = prevNode.child;
                    prevNode.next = prevChild;
                    prevChild.prev = prevNode;
                    prevNode.child = null;
                    temp.next = prevNext;
                    if (prevNext != null)
                        prevNext.prev = temp;
                }
            }
            return head;
        }
    
    }
    
    ############
    
    /*
    // Definition for a Node.
    class Node {
        public int val;
        public Node prev;
        public Node next;
        public Node child;
    };
    */
    
    class Solution {
        public Node flatten(Node head) {
            if (head == null) {
                return null;
            }
            Node dummy = new Node();
            dummy.next = head;
            preorder(dummy, head);
            dummy.next.prev = null;
            return dummy.next;
        }
    
        private Node preorder(Node pre, Node cur) {
            if (cur == null) {
                return pre;
            }
            cur.prev = pre;
            pre.next = cur;
    
            Node t = cur.next;
            Node tail = preorder(cur, cur.child);
            cur.child = null;
            return preorder(tail, t);
        }
    }
    
  • // OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/flatten-a-multilevel-doubly-linked-list/
    // Time: O(N)
    // Space: O(H)
    class Solution {
    public:
        Node* flatten(Node* head) {
            if (!head) return NULL;
            Node dummy, *tail = &dummy;
            while (head) {
                auto node = head;
                head = head->next;
                tail->next = node;
                node->prev = tail;
                tail = node;
                if (node->child) {
                    auto next = flatten(node->child);
                    tail->next = next;
                    next->prev = tail;
                    while (tail->next) tail = tail->next;
                }
                node->child = NULL;
            }
            dummy.next->prev = NULL;
            return dummy.next;
        }
    };
    
  • """
    # Definition for a Node.
    class Node:
        def __init__(self, val, prev, next, child):
            self.val = val
            self.prev = prev
            self.next = next
            self.child = child
    """
    
    
    class Solution:
        def flatten(self, head: 'Node') -> 'Node':
            def preorder(pre, cur):
                if cur is None:
                    return pre
                cur.prev = pre
                pre.next = cur
    
                t = cur.next
                tail = preorder(cur, cur.child)
                cur.child = None
                return preorder(tail, t)
    
            if head is None:
                return None
            dummy = Node(0, None, head, None)
            preorder(dummy, head)
            dummy.next.prev = None
            return dummy.next
    
    ############
    3
    """
    # Definition for a Node.
    class Node(object):
        def __init__(self, val, prev, next, child):
            self.val = val
            self.prev = prev
            self.next = next
            self.child = child
    """
    class Solution(object):
        def flatten(self, head):
            """
            :type head: Node
            :rtype: Node
            """
            if not head: return None
            node = head
            while node:
                node_next = node.next
                if node.child:
                    flattened = self.flatten(node.child)
                    node.child = None
                    nextNode = self.appendToList(node, flattened)
                    node = nextNode
                else:
                    node = node.next
            return head
        
        def appendToList(self, node, listToAppendHead):
            next_node = node.next
            node.next = listToAppendHead
            listToAppendHead.prev = node
            while node.next:
                node = node.next
            node.next = next_node
            if next_node:
                next_node.prev = node
            return next_node
    

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