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3098. Find the Sum of Subsequence Powers

Description

You are given an integer array nums of length n, and a positive integer k.

The power of a subsequence is defined as the minimum absolute difference between any two elements in the subsequence.

Return the sum of powers of all subsequences of nums which have length equal to k.

Since the answer may be large, return it modulo 109 + 7.

 

Example 1:

Input: nums = [1,2,3,4], k = 3

Output: 4

Explanation:

There are 4 subsequences in nums which have length 3: [1,2,3], [1,3,4], [1,2,4], and [2,3,4]. The sum of powers is \|2 - 3\| + \|3 - 4\| + \|2 - 1\| + \|3 - 4\| = 4.

Example 2:

Input: nums = [2,2], k = 2

Output: 0

Explanation:

The only subsequence in nums which has length 2 is [2,2]. The sum of powers is \|2 - 2\| = 0.

Example 3:

Input: nums = [4,3,-1], k = 2

Output: 10

Explanation:

There are 3 subsequences in nums which have length 2: [4,3], [4,-1], and [3,-1]. The sum of powers is \|4 - 3\| + \|4 - (-1)\| + \|3 - (-1)\| = 10.

 

Constraints:

• 2 <= n == nums.length <= 50
• -108 <= nums[i] <= 108
• 2 <= k <= n

Solutions

Solution 1: Memoization Search

We design a function $dfs(i, j, k, mi)$, which represents the energy sum value when we are currently processing the $i$-th element, the last selected element is the $j$-th element, we still need to select $k$ elements, and the current minimum difference is $mi$. The answer is $dfs(0, n, k, +\infty)$.

The execution process of the function $dfs(i, j, k, mi)$ is as follows:

• If $i \geq n$, it means that all elements have been processed. If $k = 0$, return $mi$, otherwise return $0$;
• Otherwise, we can choose not to select the $i$-th element, and the energy sum obtained is $dfs(i + 1, j, k, mi)$;
• We can also choose to select the $i$-th element. If $j = n$, it means that no element has been selected before, and the energy sum obtained is $dfs(i + 1, i, k - 1, mi)$; otherwise, the energy sum obtained is $dfs(i + 1, i, k - 1, \min(mi, \text{nums}[i] - \text{nums}[j]))$.
• We add up the above results, take the modulus of $10^9 + 7$, and return.

To avoid repeated calculations, we can use the method of memoization search to save the calculated results.

The time complexity is $O(n^5)$, and the space complexity is $O(n^5)$. Where $n$ is the length of the array.

• Java
• C++
• Python
• Go

• class Solution {
      private Map<Long, Integer> f = new HashMap<>();
      private final int mod = (int) 1e9 + 7;
      private int[] nums;
  
      public int sumOfPowers(int[] nums, int k) {
          Arrays.sort(nums);
          this.nums = nums;
          return dfs(0, nums.length, k, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
      }
  
      private int dfs(int i, int j, int k, int mi) {
          if (i >= nums.length) {
              return k == 0 ? mi : 0;
          }
          long key = (1L * mi) << 18 | (i << 12) | (j << 6) | k;
          if (f.containsKey(key)) {
              return f.get(key);
          }
          int ans = dfs(i + 1, j, k, mi);
          if (j == nums.length) {
              ans += dfs(i + 1, i, k - 1, mi);
          } else {
              ans += dfs(i + 1, i, k - 1, Math.min(mi, nums[i] - nums[j]));
          }
          ans %= mod;
          f.put(key, ans);
          return ans;
      }
  }
  

• class Solution {
  public:
      int sumOfPowers(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
          unordered_map<long long, int> f;
          const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
          int n = nums.size();
          sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
          function<int(int, int, int, int)> dfs = [&](int i, int j, int k, int mi) {
              if (i >= n) {
                  return k == 0 ? mi : 0;
              }
              long long key = (1LL * mi) << 18 | (i << 12) | (j << 6) | k;
              if (f.contains(key)) {
                  return f[key];
              }
              long long ans = dfs(i + 1, j, k, mi);
              if (j == n) {
                  ans += dfs(i + 1, i, k - 1, mi);
              } else {
                  ans += dfs(i + 1, i, k - 1, min(mi, nums[i] - nums[j]));
              }
              ans %= mod;
              f[key] = ans;
              return f[key];
          };
          return dfs(0, n, k, INT_MAX);
      }
  };
  

• class Solution:
      def sumOfPowers(self, nums: List[int], k: int) -> int:
          @cache
          def dfs(i: int, j: int, k: int, mi: int) -> int:
              if i >= n:
                  return mi if k == 0 else 0
              ans = dfs(i + 1, j, k, mi)
              if j == n:
                  ans += dfs(i + 1, i, k - 1, mi)
              else:
                  ans += dfs(i + 1, i, k - 1, min(mi, nums[i] - nums[j]))
              ans %= mod
              return ans
  
          mod = 10**9 + 7
          n = len(nums)
          nums.sort()
          return dfs(0, n, k, inf)
  
  

• func sumOfPowers(nums []int, k int) int {
  	const mod int = 1e9 + 7
  	sort.Ints(nums)
  	n := len(nums)
  	f := map[int]int{}
  	var dfs func(i, j, k, mi int) int
  	dfs = func(i, j, k, mi int) int {
  		if i >= n {
  			if k == 0 {
  				return mi
  			}
  			return 0
  		}
  		key := mi<<18 | (i << 12) | (j << 6) | k
  		if v, ok := f[key]; ok {
  			return v
  		}
  		ans := dfs(i+1, j, k, mi)
  		if j == n {
  			ans += dfs(i+1, i, k-1, mi)
  		} else {
  			ans += dfs(i+1, i, k-1, min(mi, nums[i]-nums[j]))
  		}
  		ans %= mod
  		f[key] = ans
  		return ans
  	}
  	return dfs(0, n, k, math.MaxInt)
  }
  

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