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2044. Count Number of Maximum Bitwise-OR Subsets

Description

Given an integer array nums, find the maximum possible bitwise OR of a subset of nums and return the number of different non-empty subsets with the maximum bitwise OR.

An array a is a subset of an array b if a can be obtained from b by deleting some (possibly zero) elements of b. Two subsets are considered different if the indices of the elements chosen are different.

The bitwise OR of an array a is equal to a[0] OR a[1] OR ... OR a[a.length - 1] (0-indexed).

 

Example 1:

Input: nums = [3,1]
Output: 2
Explanation: The maximum possible bitwise OR of a subset is 3. There are 2 subsets with a bitwise OR of 3:
- [3]
- [3,1]

Example 2:

Input: nums = [2,2,2]
Output: 7
Explanation: All non-empty subsets of [2,2,2] have a bitwise OR of 2. There are 23 - 1 = 7 total subsets.

Example 3:

Input: nums = [3,2,1,5]
Output: 6
Explanation: The maximum possible bitwise OR of a subset is 7. There are 6 subsets with a bitwise OR of 7:
- [3,5]
- [3,1,5]
- [3,2,5]
- [3,2,1,5]
- [2,5]
- [2,1,5]

 

Constraints:

  • 1 <= nums.length <= 16
  • 1 <= nums[i] <= 105

Solutions

Solution 1

DFS.

Solution 2: Binary Enumeration

We can use binary enumeration to count the bitwise OR results of all subsets. For an array $\textit{nums}$ of length $n$, we can use an integer $\textit{mask}$ to represent a subset, where the $i$-th bit of $\textit{mask}$ being 1 means including element $\textit{nums[i]}$, and 0 means not including it.

We can iterate through all possible $\textit{mask}$ values from $0$ to $2^n - 1$. For each $\textit{mask}$, we can calculate the bitwise OR result of the corresponding subset and update the maximum value $\textit{mx}$ and answer $\textit{ans}$.

The time complexity is $O(2^n \cdot n)$, where $n$ is the length of the array $\textit{nums}$. The space complexity is $O(1)$.

  • class Solution {
        private int mx;
        private int ans;
        private int[] nums;
    
        public int countMaxOrSubsets(int[] nums) {
            mx = 0;
            for (int x : nums) {
                mx |= x;
            }
            this.nums = nums;
            dfs(0, 0);
            return ans;
        }
    
        private void dfs(int i, int t) {
            if (i == nums.length) {
                if (t == mx) {
                    ++ans;
                }
                return;
            }
            dfs(i + 1, t);
            dfs(i + 1, t | nums[i]);
        }
    }
    
    
    // Solution 2
    class Solution {
        public int countMaxOrSubsets(int[] nums) {
            int n = nums.length;
            int ans = 0;
            int mx = 0;
            for (int mask = 1; mask < 1 << n; ++mask) {
                int t = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                    if (((mask >> i) & 1) == 1) {
                        t |= nums[i];
                    }
                }
                if (mx < t) {
                    mx = t;
                    ans = 1;
                } else if (mx == t) {
                    ++ans;
                }
            }
            return ans;
        }
    }
    
    
  • class Solution {
    public:
        int mx;
        int ans;
        vector<int> nums;
    
        int countMaxOrSubsets(vector<int>& nums) {
            this->nums = nums;
            mx = 0;
            ans = 0;
            for (int x : nums) mx |= x;
            dfs(0, 0);
            return ans;
        }
    
        void dfs(int i, int t) {
            if (i == nums.size()) {
                if (t == mx) ++ans;
                return;
            }
            dfs(i + 1, t);
            dfs(i + 1, t | nums[i]);
        }
    };
    
    
    // Solution 2
    class Solution {
    public:
        int countMaxOrSubsets(vector<int>& nums) {
            int n = nums.size();
            int ans = 0;
            int mx = 0;
            for (int mask = 1; mask < 1 << n; ++mask) {
                int t = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                    if ((mask >> i) & 1) {
                        t |= nums[i];
                    }
                }
                if (mx < t) {
                    mx = t;
                    ans = 1;
                } else if (mx == t)
                    ++ans;
            }
            return ans;
        }
    };
    
    
  • class Solution:
        def countMaxOrSubsets(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
            mx = ans = 0
            for x in nums:
                mx |= x
    
            def dfs(i, t):
                nonlocal mx, ans
                if i == len(nums):
                    if t == mx:
                        ans += 1
                    return
                dfs(i + 1, t)
                dfs(i + 1, t | nums[i])
    
            dfs(0, 0)
            return ans
    
    
    # Solution 2
    class Solution:
        def countMaxOrSubsets(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
            n = len(nums)
            ans = 0
            mx = 0
            for mask in range(1 << n):
                t = 0
                for i, v in enumerate(nums):
                    if (mask >> i) & 1:
                        t |= v
                if mx < t:
                    mx = t
                    ans = 1
                elif mx == t:
                    ans += 1
            return ans
    
    
  • func countMaxOrSubsets(nums []int) int {
    	mx, ans := 0, 0
    	for _, x := range nums {
    		mx |= x
    	}
    
    	var dfs func(i, t int)
    	dfs = func(i, t int) {
    		if i == len(nums) {
    			if t == mx {
    				ans++
    			}
    			return
    		}
    		dfs(i+1, t)
    		dfs(i+1, t|nums[i])
    	}
    
    	dfs(0, 0)
    	return ans
    }
    
    
    // Solution 2
    func countMaxOrSubsets(nums []int) (ans int) {
    	n := len(nums)
    	mx := 0
    
    	for mask := 0; mask < (1 << n); mask++ {
    		t := 0
    		for i, v := range nums {
    			if (mask>>i)&1 == 1 {
    				t |= v
    			}
    		}
    		if mx < t {
    			mx = t
    			ans = 1
    		} else if mx == t {
    			ans++
    		}
    	}
    
    	return
    }
    
    
  • function countMaxOrSubsets(nums: number[]): number {
        let n = nums.length;
        let max = 0;
        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            max |= nums[i];
        }
        let ans = 0;
        function dfs(pre: number, depth: number): void {
            if (depth == n) {
                if (pre == max) ++ans;
                return;
            }
            dfs(pre, depth + 1);
            dfs(pre | nums[depth], depth + 1);
        }
        dfs(0, 0);
        return ans;
    }
    
    
    // Solution 2
    function countMaxOrSubsets(nums: number[]): number {
        const n = nums.length;
        let ans = 0;
        let mx = 0;
    
        for (let mask = 0; mask < 1 << n; mask++) {
            let t = 0;
            for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                if ((mask >> i) & 1) {
                    t |= nums[i];
                }
            }
            if (mx < t) {
                mx = t;
                ans = 1;
            } else if (mx === t) {
                ans++;
            }
        }
    
        return ans;
    }
    
    
  • impl Solution {
        fn dfs(nums: &Vec<i32>, i: usize, sum: i32) -> (i32, i32) {
            let n = nums.len();
            let mut max = i32::MIN;
            let mut res = 0;
            for j in i..n {
                let num = sum | nums[j];
                if num >= max {
                    if num > max {
                        max = num;
                        res = 0;
                    }
                    res += 1;
                }
                let (r_max, r_res) = Self::dfs(nums, j + 1, num);
                if r_max >= max {
                    if r_max > max {
                        max = r_max;
                        res = 0;
                    }
                    res += r_res;
                }
            }
            (max, res)
        }
    
        pub fn count_max_or_subsets(nums: Vec<i32>) -> i32 {
            Self::dfs(&nums, 0, 0).1
        }
    }
    
    
    // Solution 2
    impl Solution {
        pub fn count_max_or_subsets(nums: Vec<i32>) -> i32 {
            let n = nums.len();
            let mut ans = 0;
            let mut mx = 0;
    
            for mask in 0..(1 << n) {
                let mut t = 0;
                for i in 0..n {
                    if (mask >> i) & 1 == 1 {
                        t |= nums[i];
                    }
                }
                if mx < t {
                    mx = t;
                    ans = 1;
                } else if mx == t {
                    ans += 1;
                }
            }
    
            ans
        }
    }
    
    
  • class Solution {
        public int countMaxOrSubsets(int[] nums) {
            int n = nums.length;
            int ans = 0;
            int mx = 0;
            for (int mask = 1; mask < 1 << n; ++mask) {
                int t = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                    if (((mask >> i) & 1) == 1) {
                        t |= nums[i];
                    }
                }
                if (mx < t) {
                    mx = t;
                    ans = 1;
                } else if (mx == t) {
                    ++ans;
                }
            }
            return ans;
        }
    }
    
  • class Solution {
    public:
        int countMaxOrSubsets(vector<int>& nums) {
            int n = nums.size();
            int ans = 0;
            int mx = 0;
            for (int mask = 1; mask < 1 << n; ++mask) {
                int t = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                    if ((mask >> i) & 1) {
                        t |= nums[i];
                    }
                }
                if (mx < t) {
                    mx = t;
                    ans = 1;
                } else if (mx == t)
                    ++ans;
            }
            return ans;
        }
    };
    
  • class Solution:
        def countMaxOrSubsets(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
            n = len(nums)
            ans = 0
            mx = 0
            for mask in range(1 << n):
                t = 0
                for i, v in enumerate(nums):
                    if (mask >> i) & 1:
                        t |= v
                if mx < t:
                    mx = t
                    ans = 1
                elif mx == t:
                    ans += 1
            return ans
    
    
  • func countMaxOrSubsets(nums []int) (ans int) {
    	n := len(nums)
    	mx := 0
    
    	for mask := 0; mask < (1 << n); mask++ {
    		t := 0
    		for i, v := range nums {
    			if (mask>>i)&1 == 1 {
    				t |= v
    			}
    		}
    		if mx < t {
    			mx = t
    			ans = 1
    		} else if mx == t {
    			ans++
    		}
    	}
    
    	return
    }
    
    
  • function countMaxOrSubsets(nums: number[]): number {
        const n = nums.length;
        let ans = 0;
        let mx = 0;
    
        for (let mask = 0; mask < 1 << n; mask++) {
            let t = 0;
            for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                if ((mask >> i) & 1) {
                    t |= nums[i];
                }
            }
            if (mx < t) {
                mx = t;
                ans = 1;
            } else if (mx === t) {
                ans++;
            }
        }
    
        return ans;
    }
    
    
  • impl Solution {
        pub fn count_max_or_subsets(nums: Vec<i32>) -> i32 {
            let n = nums.len();
            let mut ans = 0;
            let mut mx = 0;
    
            for mask in 0..(1 << n) {
                let mut t = 0;
                for i in 0..n {
                    if (mask >> i) & 1 == 1 {
                        t |= nums[i];
                    }
                }
                if mx < t {
                    mx = t;
                    ans = 1;
                } else if mx == t {
                    ans += 1;
                }
            }
    
            ans
        }
    }
    
    

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