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Formatted question description: https://leetcode.ca/all/1361.html

1361. Validate Binary Tree Nodes (Medium)

You have n binary tree nodes numbered from 0 to n - 1 where node i has two children leftChild[i] and rightChild[i], return true if and only if all the given nodes form exactly one valid binary tree.

If node i has no left child then leftChild[i] will equal -1, similarly for the right child.

Note that the nodes have no values and that we only use the node numbers in this problem.

 

Example 1:

Input: n = 4, leftChild = [1,-1,3,-1], rightChild = [2,-1,-1,-1]
Output: true

Example 2:

Input: n = 4, leftChild = [1,-1,3,-1], rightChild = [2,3,-1,-1]
Output: false

Example 3:

Input: n = 2, leftChild = [1,0], rightChild = [-1,-1]
Output: false

Example 4:

Input: n = 6, leftChild = [1,-1,-1,4,-1,-1], rightChild = [2,-1,-1,5,-1,-1]
Output: false

 

Constraints:

  • 1 <= n <= 10^4
  • leftChild.length == rightChild.length == n
  • -1 <= leftChild[i], rightChild[i] <= n - 1

Related Topics:
Graph

Solution 1.

Firstly, we can check the in-dgree.

  • Only one node (the root) has 0 in-degree. All other nodes have 1 in-dgree.

But this is not enough. For example:

[0,-1]
[-1,-1]

This graphy has one circle and one dangling node and satisfies the above requirement.

To rule this scenario out, we can add this requirement.

  • If there are more than one node, the node with 0 in-degree must have out-degree.
// OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/validate-binary-tree-nodes/
// Time: O(N)
// Space: O(N)
class Solution {
public:
    bool validateBinaryTreeNodes(int n, vector<int>& leftChild, vector<int>& rightChild) {
        vector<int> indegree(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int L = leftChild[i], R = rightChild[i];
            if (L != -1 && indegree[L]++) return false; // if the indegree is more than 1, return false
            if (R != -1 && indegree[R]++) return false;
        }
        int root = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (indegree[i]) continue;
            if (root != -1) return false; // if more than one node with 0 indegree, return false
            root = i;
        }
        return root != -1 && (n == 1 || leftChild[root] != -1 || rightChild[root] != -1); // root must exist, and the root must have out-degree unless there is only one node
    }
};
  • class Solution {
        public boolean validateBinaryTreeNodes(int n, int[] leftChild, int[] rightChild) {
            int[] parents = new int[n];
            Arrays.fill(parents, -1);
            int edgesCount = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                int curLeft = leftChild[i], curRight = rightChild[i];
                if (curLeft >= 0) {
                    edgesCount++;
                    if (parents[curLeft] < 0)
                        parents[curLeft] = i;
                    else
                        return false;
                }
                if (curRight >= 0) {
                    edgesCount++;
                    if (parents[curRight] < 0)
                        parents[curRight] = i;
                    else
                        return false;
                }
            }
            if (edgesCount != n - 1)
                return false;
            int root = -1;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                if (parents[i] == -1) {
                    if (root < 0)
                        root = i;
                    else
                        return false;
                }
            }
            if (root < 0)
                return false;
            int visitCount = 0;
            Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<Integer>();
            queue.offer(root);
            while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
                int node = queue.poll();
                visitCount++;
                int left = leftChild[node], right = rightChild[node];
                if (left >= 0)
                    queue.offer(left);
                if (right >= 0)
                    queue.offer(right);
            }
            return visitCount == n;
        }
    }
    
    ############
    
    class Solution {
        private int[] p;
    
        public boolean validateBinaryTreeNodes(int n, int[] leftChild, int[] rightChild) {
            p = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                p[i] = i;
            }
            boolean[] vis = new boolean[n];
            for (int i = 0, m =  n; i < m; ++i) {
                for (int j : new int[] {leftChild[i], rightChild[i]}) {
                    if (j != -1) {
                        if (vis[j] || find(i) == find(j)) {
                            return false;
                        }
                        p[find(i)] = find(j);
                        vis[j] = true;
                        --n;
                    }
                }
            }
            return n == 1;
        }
    
        private int find(int x) {
            if (p[x] != x) {
                p[x] = find(p[x]);
            }
            return p[x];
        }
    }
    
  • // OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/validate-binary-tree-nodes/
    // Time: O(N)
    // Space: O(N)
    class Solution {
    public:
        bool validateBinaryTreeNodes(int n, vector<int>& leftChild, vector<int>& rightChild) {
            vector<int> indegree(n);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                int L = leftChild[i], R = rightChild[i];
                if (L != -1 && indegree[L]++) return false; // if the indegree is more than 1, return false
                if (R != -1 && indegree[R]++) return false;
            }
            int root = -1;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                if (indegree[i]) continue;
                if (root != -1) return false; // if more than one node with 0 indegree, return false
                root = i;
            }
            return root != -1 && (n == 1 || leftChild[root] != -1 || rightChild[root] != -1); // root must exist, and the root must have out-degree unless there is only one node
        }
    };
    
  • class Solution:
        def validateBinaryTreeNodes(
            self, n: int, leftChild: List[int], rightChild: List[int]
        ) -> bool:
            p = list(range(n))
            vis = [False] * n
    
            def find(x):
                if p[x] != x:
                    p[x] = find(p[x])
                return p[x]
    
            for i in range(n):
                l, r = leftChild[i], rightChild[i]
                if l != -1:
                    if vis[l] or find(i) == find(l):
                        return False
                    p[find(i)] = find(l)
                    vis[l] = True
                    n -= 1
                if r != -1:
                    if vis[r] or find(i) == find(r):
                        return False
                    p[find(i)] = find(r)
                    vis[r] = True
                    n -= 1
            return n == 1
    
    
    
  • func validateBinaryTreeNodes(n int, leftChild []int, rightChild []int) bool {
    	p := make([]int, n)
    	for i := range p {
    		p[i] = i
    	}
    	var find func(int) int
    	find = func(x int) int {
    		if p[x] != x {
    			p[x] = find(p[x])
    		}
    		return p[x]
    	}
    	vis := make([]bool, n)
    	for i, a := range leftChild {
    		for _, j := range []int{a, rightChild[i]} {
    			if j != -1 {
    				if vis[j] || find(i) == find(j) {
    					return false
    				}
    				p[find(i)] = find(j)
    				vis[j] = true
    				n--
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	return n == 1
    }
    

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