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Formatted question description: https://leetcode.ca/all/1238.html

1238. Circular Permutation in Binary Representation (Medium)

Given 2 integers n and start. Your task is return any permutation p of (0,1,2.....,2^n -1) such that :

  • p[0] = start
  • p[i] and p[i+1] differ by only one bit in their binary representation.
  • p[0] and p[2^n -1] must also differ by only one bit in their binary representation.

 

Example 1:

Input: n = 2, start = 3
Output: [3,2,0,1]
Explanation: The binary representation of the permutation is (11,10,00,01). 
All the adjacent element differ by one bit. Another valid permutation is [3,1,0,2]

Example 2:

Input: n = 3, start = 2
Output: [2,6,7,5,4,0,1,3]
Explanation: The binary representation of the permutation is (010,110,111,101,100,000,001,011).

 

Constraints:

  • 1 <= n <= 16
  • 0 <= start < 2 ^ n

Related Topics:
Math

Solution 1. Gray Code

// OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/circular-permutation-in-binary-representation/
// Time: O(2^N)
// Space: O(1)
// Ref: https://leetcode.com/problems/circular-permutation-in-binary-representation/discuss/414203/JavaC%2B%2BPython-4-line-Gray-Code
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> circularPermutation(int n, int start) {
        vector<int> ans;
        for (int i = 0; i < (1 << n); ++i) ans.push_back(start ^ i ^ (i >> 1));
        return ans;
    }
};
  • class Solution {
        public List<Integer> circularPermutation(int n, int start) {
            List<Integer> grayCodeList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            grayCodeList.add(0);
            grayCodeList.add(1);
            for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
                int power2 = (int) Math.pow(2, i - 1);
                int size = grayCodeList.size();
                for (int j = size - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
                    int prevNum = grayCodeList.get(j);
                    int curNum = prevNum + power2;
                    grayCodeList.add(curNum);
                }
            }
            List<Integer> permutation = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            int index = grayCodeList.indexOf(start);
            int size = grayCodeList.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                permutation.add(grayCodeList.get(index));
                index = (index + 1) % size;
            }
            return permutation;
        }
    }
    
    ############
    
    class Solution {
        public List<Integer> circularPermutation(int n, int start) {
            List<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 1 << n; ++i) {
                ans.add(i ^ (i >> 1) ^ start);
            }
            return ans;
        }
    }
    
  • // OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/circular-permutation-in-binary-representation/
    // Time: O(2^N)
    // Space: O(1)
    // Ref: https://leetcode.com/problems/circular-permutation-in-binary-representation/discuss/414203/JavaC%2B%2BPython-4-line-Gray-Code
    class Solution {
    public:
        vector<int> circularPermutation(int n, int start) {
            vector<int> ans;
            for (int i = 0; i < (1 << n); ++i) ans.push_back(start ^ i ^ (i >> 1));
            return ans;
        }
    };
    
  • # 1238. Circular Permutation in Binary Representation
    # https://leetcode.com/problems/circular-permutation-in-binary-representation/
    
    class Solution:
        def circularPermutation(self, n: int, start: int) -> List[int]:
            return [start ^ i ^ i>>1 for i in range(1 << n)]
        
    
  • func circularPermutation(n int, start int) (ans []int) {
    	for i := 0; i < 1<<n; i++ {
    		ans = append(ans, i^(i>>1)^start)
    	}
    	return
    }
    
  • function circularPermutation(n: number, start: number): number[] {
        const ans: number[] = [];
        for (let i = 0; i < 1 << n; ++i) {
            ans.push(i ^ (i >> 1) ^ start);
        }
        return ans;
    }
    
    

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