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1117. Building H2O

Description

There are two kinds of threads: oxygen and hydrogen. Your goal is to group these threads to form water molecules.

There is a barrier where each thread has to wait until a complete molecule can be formed. Hydrogen and oxygen threads will be given releaseHydrogen and releaseOxygen methods respectively, which will allow them to pass the barrier. These threads should pass the barrier in groups of three, and they must immediately bond with each other to form a water molecule. You must guarantee that all the threads from one molecule bond before any other threads from the next molecule do.

In other words:

• If an oxygen thread arrives at the barrier when no hydrogen threads are present, it must wait for two hydrogen threads.
• If a hydrogen thread arrives at the barrier when no other threads are present, it must wait for an oxygen thread and another hydrogen thread.

We do not have to worry about matching the threads up explicitly; the threads do not necessarily know which other threads they are paired up with. The key is that threads pass the barriers in complete sets; thus, if we examine the sequence of threads that bind and divide them into groups of three, each group should contain one oxygen and two hydrogen threads.

Write synchronization code for oxygen and hydrogen molecules that enforces these constraints.

 

Example 1:

Input: water = "HOH"
Output: "HHO"
Explanation: "HOH" and "OHH" are also valid answers.

Example 2:

Input: water = "OOHHHH"
Output: "HHOHHO"
Explanation: "HOHHHO", "OHHHHO", "HHOHOH", "HOHHOH", "OHHHOH", "HHOOHH", "HOHOHH" and "OHHOHH" are also valid answers.

 

Constraints:

• 3 * n == water.length
• 1 <= n <= 20
• water[i] is either 'H' or 'O'.
• There will be exactly 2 * n 'H' in water.
• There will be exactly n 'O' in water.

Solutions

This problem can be solved using semaphores. In the class, create two semaphores semaphoreHydrogen and semaphoreOxygen for methods hydrogen() and oxygen() respectively. Initially, semaphoreHydrogen has 2 permits, while semaphoreOxygen has 0 permits.

For method hydrogen, acquire a permit from semaphoreHydrogen, call releaseHydrogen.run() and release a permit back to semaphoreOxygen.

For method oxygen, adquire two permits from semaphoreOxygen, call releaseOxygen.run() and release two permits back to semaphoreHydrogen.

• Java
• C++
• Python

• class H2O {
      private Semaphore h = new Semaphore(2);
      private Semaphore o = new Semaphore(0);
  
      public H2O() {
      }
  
      public void hydrogen(Runnable releaseHydrogen) throws InterruptedException {
          h.acquire();
          // releaseHydrogen.run() outputs "H". Do not change or remove this line.
          releaseHydrogen.run();
          o.release();
      }
  
      public void oxygen(Runnable releaseOxygen) throws InterruptedException {
          o.acquire(2);
          // releaseOxygen.run() outputs "O". Do not change or remove this line.
          releaseOxygen.run();
          h.release(2);
      }
  }
  

• #include <semaphore.h>
  
  class H2O {
  private:
      sem_t h, o;
      int st;
  
  public:
      H2O() {
          sem_init(&h, 0, 2);
          sem_init(&o, 0, 0);
          st = 0;
      }
  
      void hydrogen(function<void()> releaseHydrogen) {
          sem_wait(&h);
          // releaseHydrogen() outputs "H". Do not change or remove this line.
          releaseHydrogen();
          ++st;
          if (st == 2) {
              sem_post(&o);
          }
      }
  
      void oxygen(function<void()> releaseOxygen) {
          sem_wait(&o);
          // releaseOxygen() outputs "O". Do not change or remove this line.
          releaseOxygen();
          st = 0;
          sem_post(&h);
          sem_post(&h);
      }
  };
  

• from threading import Semaphore
  
  
  class H2O:
      def __init__(self):
          self.h = Semaphore(2)
          self.o = Semaphore(0)
  
      def hydrogen(self, releaseHydrogen: "Callable[[], None]") -> None:
          self.h.acquire()
          # releaseHydrogen() outputs "H". Do not change or remove this line.
          releaseHydrogen()
          if self.h._value == 0: # semaphore value checker api
              self.o.release()
  
      def oxygen(self, releaseOxygen: "Callable[[], None]") -> None:
          self.o.acquire()
          # releaseOxygen() outputs "O". Do not change or remove this line.
          releaseOxygen()
          self.h.release(2)
  
  

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