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Formatted question description: https://leetcode.ca/all/880.html

880. Decoded String at Index (Medium)

An encoded string S is given.  To find and write the decoded string to a tape, the encoded string is read one character at a time and the following steps are taken:

  • If the character read is a letter, that letter is written onto the tape.
  • If the character read is a digit (say d), the entire current tape is repeatedly written d-1 more times in total.

Now for some encoded string S, and an index K, find and return the K-th letter (1 indexed) in the decoded string.

 

Example 1:

Input: S = "leet2code3", K = 10
Output: "o"
Explanation: 
The decoded string is "leetleetcodeleetleetcodeleetleetcode".
The 10th letter in the string is "o".

Example 2:

Input: S = "ha22", K = 5
Output: "h"
Explanation: 
The decoded string is "hahahaha".  The 5th letter is "h".

Example 3:

Input: S = "a2345678999999999999999", K = 1
Output: "a"
Explanation: 
The decoded string is "a" repeated 8301530446056247680 times.  The 1st letter is "a".

 

Constraints:

  • 2 <= S.length <= 100
  • S will only contain lowercase letters and digits 2 through 9.
  • S starts with a letter.
  • 1 <= K <= 10^9
  • It's guaranteed that K is less than or equal to the length of the decoded string.
  • The decoded string is guaranteed to have less than 2^63 letters.

Related Topics:
Stack

Solution 1.

  • class Solution {
        public String decodeAtIndex(String S, int K) {
            TreeMap<Long, Integer> map = new TreeMap<Long, Integer>();
            long count = 0;
            int length = S.length();
            int index = 0;
            while (index < length && count < K) {
                char c = S.charAt(index);
                if (Character.isLetter(c))
                    count++;
                else
                    count *= c - '0';
                map.put(count, index);
                index++;
            }
            long position = K;
            while (!map.containsKey(position) || Character.isDigit(S.charAt(map.get(position)))) {
                long key = map.floorKey(position - 1);
                position %= key;
                if (position == 0)
                    position = key;
            }
            int strIndex = map.get(position);
            char letter = S.charAt(strIndex);
            return String.valueOf(letter);
        }
    }
    
  • // OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/decoded-string-at-index/
    // Time: O(S)
    // Space: O(S)
    class Solution {
    public:
        string decodeAtIndex(string S, int K) {
            vector<tuple<string, int, long>> v;
            long N = S.size(), len = 0;
            --K;
            for (int i = 0; i < N; ) {
                string s;
                while (i < N && isalpha(S[i])) s += S[i++];
                int n = S[i++] - '0';
                len += s.size();
                v.emplace_back(s, n, len);
                len *= n;
                if (len > K) break;
            }
            for (int i = v.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
                auto [s, n, len] = v[i];
                K %= len;
                if (i == 0) return string(1, s[K % s.size()]);
                else if (K >= len - s.size()) return string(1, s[K - (len - s.size())]);
            }
            return "";
        }
    };
    
  • class Solution(object):
        def decodeAtIndex(self, S, K):
            """
            :type S: str
            :type K: int
            :rtype: str
            """
            size = 0
            for c in S:
                if c.isdigit():
                    size *= int(c)
                else:
                    size += 1
            
            for c in reversed(S):
                K %= size
                if K == 0 and c.isalpha():
                    return c
                if c.isdigit():
                    size /= int(c)
                else:
                    size -= 1
    

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