Formatted question description: https://leetcode.ca/all/798.html

# 798. Smallest Rotation with Highest Score

Hard

## Description

Given an array A, we may rotate it by a non-negative integer K so that the array becomes A[K], A[K+1], A{K+2], ... A[A.length - 1], A[0], A[1], ..., A[K-1]. Afterward, any entries that are less than or equal to their index are worth 1 point.

For example, if we have [2, 4, 1, 3, 0], and we rotate by K = 2, it becomes [1, 3, 0, 2, 4]. This is worth 3 points because 1 > 0 [no points], 3 > 1 [no points], 0 <= 2 [one point], 2 <= 3 [one point], 4 <= 4 [one point].

Over all possible rotations, return the rotation index K that corresponds to the highest score we could receive. If there are multiple answers, return the smallest such index K.

Example 1:

Input: [2, 3, 1, 4, 0]
Output: 3
Explanation:
Scores for each K are listed below:
K = 0,  A = [2,3,1,4,0],    score 2
K = 1,  A = [3,1,4,0,2],    score 3
K = 2,  A = [1,4,0,2,3],    score 3
K = 3,  A = [4,0,2,3,1],    score 4
K = 4,  A = [0,2,3,1,4],    score 3
So we should choose K = 3, which has the highest score.


Example 2:

Input: [1, 3, 0, 2, 4]
Output: 0
Explanation:  A will always have 3 points no matter how it shifts.
So we will choose the smallest K, which is 0.


Note:

• A will have length at most 20000.
• A[i] will be in the range [0, A.length].

## Solution

For index i, if the rotation index K is between i - A[i] + 1 and i (both are mod A.length), then A[i] will have no points. Create an array points of length A.length. For each index i, subtract 1 from points[i - A[i] + 1] and add 1 to points[i + 1]. Then loop over points and calculate the sums of each prefix. If a prefix sum is the greatest, then update the maximum sum and the corresponding index. Finally, return the index.

class Solution {
public int bestRotation(int[] A) {
int length = A.length;
int[] points = new int[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int low = (i - A[i] + 1 + length) % length;
int high = (i + 1) % length;
points[low]--;
points[high]++;
if (low > high)
points[0]--;
}
int maxIndex = 0;
int maxScore = -length;
int curScore = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
curScore += points[i];
if (curScore > maxScore) {
maxIndex = i;
maxScore = curScore;
}
}
return maxIndex;
}
}