Welcome to Subscribe On Youtube

Formatted question description: https://leetcode.ca/all/457.html

457. Circular Array Loop (Medium)

You are given a circular array nums of positive and negative integers. If a number k at an index is positive, then move forward k steps. Conversely, if it's negative (-k), move backward k steps. Since the array is circular, you may assume that the last element's next element is the first element, and the first element's previous element is the last element.

Determine if there is a loop (or a cycle) in nums. A cycle must start and end at the same index and the cycle's length > 1. Furthermore, movements in a cycle must all follow a single direction. In other words, a cycle must not consist of both forward and backward movements.

 

Example 1:

Input: [2,-1,1,2,2]
Output: true
Explanation: There is a cycle, from index 0 -> 2 -> 3 -> 0. The cycle's length is 3.

Example 2:

Input: [-1,2]
Output: false
Explanation: The movement from index 1 -> 1 -> 1 ... is not a cycle, because the cycle's length is 1. By definition the cycle's length must be greater than 1.

Example 3:

Input: [-2,1,-1,-2,-2]
Output: false
Explanation: The movement from index 1 -> 2 -> 1 -> ... is not a cycle, because movement from index 1 -> 2 is a forward movement, but movement from index 2 -> 1 is a backward movement. All movements in a cycle must follow a single direction.

 

Note:

  1. -1000 ≤ nums[i] ≤ 1000
  2. nums[i] ≠ 0
  3. 1 ≤ nums.length ≤ 5000

 

Follow up:

Could you solve it in O(n) time complexity and O(1) extra space complexity?

Related Topics:
Array, Two Pointers

Solution 1.

  • class Solution {
        public boolean circularArrayLoop(int[] nums) {
            int length = nums.length;
            int[] hasLoop = new int[length];
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                if (hasLoop[i] == 0) {
                    boolean loop = checkLoop(nums, hasLoop, i);
                    if (loop)
                        return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    
        public boolean checkLoop(int[] nums, int[] hasLoop, int startIndex) {
            int length = nums.length;
            List<Integer> indices = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            indices.add(startIndex);
            int index = startIndex;
            int direction = 0;
            do {
                int num = nums[index];
                if (direction == 0)
                    direction = num / Math.abs(num);
                else if (direction * num < 0)
                    return false;
                index = (index + num) % length;
                if (index < 0)
                    index += length;
                int occur = indices.indexOf(index);
                if (occur < 0)
                    indices.add(index);
                else {
                    int size = indices.size();
                    if (occur == size - 1) {
                        for (int curIndex : indices)
                            hasLoop[curIndex] = -1;
                        return false;
                    } else {
                        for (int i = 0; i < occur; i++)
                            hasLoop[indices.get(i)] = -1;
                        for (int i = occur; i < size; i++)
                            hasLoop[indices.get(i)] = 1;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            } while (index != startIndex);
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    ############
    
    class Solution {
        private int n;
        private int[] nums;
    
        public boolean circularArrayLoop(int[] nums) {
            n = nums.length;
            this.nums = nums;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                if (nums[i] == 0) {
                    continue;
                }
                int slow = i, fast = next(i);
                while (nums[slow] * nums[fast] > 0 && nums[slow] * nums[next(fast)] > 0) {
                    if (slow == fast) {
                        if (slow != next(slow)) {
                            return true;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    slow = next(slow);
                    fast = next(next(fast));
                }
                int j = i;
                while (nums[j] * nums[next(j)] > 0) {
                    nums[j] = 0;
                    j = next(j);
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    
        private int next(int i) {
            return (i + nums[i] % n + n) % n;
        }
    }
    
  • // OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/circular-array-loop/
    // Time: O(N^2)
    // Space: O(1)
    class Solution {
        inline int go(vector<int> &A, int i) {
            return (i + A[i] + A.size()) % A.size();
        }
        inline bool sameSign(int a, int b) {
            return (a > 0 && b > 0) || (a < 0 && b < 0);
        }
    public:
        bool circularArrayLoop(vector<int>& A) {
            int N = A.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
                int fast = i, slow = i, valid = 1;
                do {
                    fast = go(A, fast);
                    if (!sameSign(A[fast], A[i])) {
                        valid = 0;
                        break;
                    }
                    fast = go(A, fast);
                    if (!sameSign(A[fast], A[i])) {
                        valid = 0;
                        break;
                    }
                    slow = go(A, slow);
                } while (fast != slow);
                if (valid && slow != go(A, slow)) return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    };
    
  • class Solution:
        def circularArrayLoop(self, nums: List[int]) -> bool:
            n = len(nums)
    
            def next(i):
                return (i + nums[i] % n + n) % n
    
            for i in range(n):
                if nums[i] == 0:
                    continue
                slow, fast = i, next(i)
                while nums[slow] * nums[fast] > 0 and nums[slow] * nums[next(fast)] > 0:
                    if slow == fast:
                        if slow != next(slow):
                            return True
                        break
                    slow, fast = next(slow), next(next(fast))
                j = i
                while nums[j] * nums[next(j)] > 0:
                    nums[j] = 0
                    j = next(j)
            return False
    
    ############
    
    class Solution(object):
        def circularArrayLoop(self, nums):
            """
            :type nums: List[int]
            :rtype: bool
            """
            N, self.nums = len(nums), nums
            for i in range(N):
                slow = i
                fast = self.nextpos(slow)
                while nums[fast] * nums[i] > 0 and nums[self.nextpos(fast)] * nums[i] > 0:
                    if fast == slow:
                        if slow == self.nextpos(slow):
                            break
                        return True
                    slow = self.nextpos(slow)
                    fast = self.nextpos(self.nextpos(fast))
            return False
        
        def nextpos(self, index):
            N = len(self.nums)
            return (index + self.nums[index] + N) % N
    
  • func circularArrayLoop(nums []int) bool {
    	for i, num := range nums {
    		if num == 0 {
    			continue
    		}
    		slow, fast := i, next(nums, i)
    		for nums[slow]*nums[fast] > 0 && nums[slow]*nums[next(nums, fast)] > 0 {
    			if slow == fast {
    				if slow != next(nums, slow) {
    					return true
    				}
    				break
    			}
    			slow, fast = next(nums, slow), next(nums, next(nums, fast))
    		}
    		j := i
    		for nums[j]*nums[next(nums, j)] > 0 {
    			nums[j] = 0
    			j = next(nums, j)
    		}
    	}
    	return false
    }
    
    func next(nums []int, i int) int {
    	n := len(nums)
    	return (i + nums[i]%n + n) % n
    }
    

All Problems

All Solutions