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393. UTF-8 Validation

Description

Given an integer array data representing the data, return whether it is a valid UTF-8 encoding (i.e. it translates to a sequence of valid UTF-8 encoded characters).

A character in UTF8 can be from 1 to 4 bytes long, subjected to the following rules:

  1. For a 1-byte character, the first bit is a 0, followed by its Unicode code.
  2. For an n-bytes character, the first n bits are all one's, the n + 1 bit is 0, followed by n - 1 bytes with the most significant 2 bits being 10.

This is how the UTF-8 encoding would work:

     Number of Bytes   |        UTF-8 Octet Sequence
                       |              (binary)
   --------------------+-----------------------------------------
            1          |   0xxxxxxx
            2          |   110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
            3          |   1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
            4          |   11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx

x denotes a bit in the binary form of a byte that may be either 0 or 1.

Note: The input is an array of integers. Only the least significant 8 bits of each integer is used to store the data. This means each integer represents only 1 byte of data.

 

Example 1:

Input: data = [197,130,1]
Output: true
Explanation: data represents the octet sequence: 11000101 10000010 00000001.
It is a valid utf-8 encoding for a 2-bytes character followed by a 1-byte character.

Example 2:

Input: data = [235,140,4]
Output: false
Explanation: data represented the octet sequence: 11101011 10001100 00000100.
The first 3 bits are all one's and the 4th bit is 0 means it is a 3-bytes character.
The next byte is a continuation byte which starts with 10 and that's correct.
But the second continuation byte does not start with 10, so it is invalid.

 

Constraints:

  • 1 <= data.length <= 2 * 104
  • 0 <= data[i] <= 255

Solutions

  • class Solution {
        public boolean validUtf8(int[] data) {
            int n = 0;
            for (int v : data) {
                if (n > 0) {
                    if (v >> 6 != 0b10) {
                        return false;
                    }
                    --n;
                } else if (v >> 7 == 0) {
                    n = 0;
                } else if (v >> 5 == 0b110) {
                    n = 1;
                } else if (v >> 4 == 0b1110) {
                    n = 2;
                } else if (v >> 3 == 0b11110) {
                    n = 3;
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return n == 0;
        }
    }
    
  • class Solution {
    public:
        bool validUtf8(vector<int>& data) {
            int n = 0;
            for (int& v : data) {
                if (n > 0) {
                    if (v >> 6 != 0b10) return false;
                    --n;
                } else if (v >> 7 == 0)
                    n = 0;
                else if (v >> 5 == 0b110)
                    n = 1;
                else if (v >> 4 == 0b1110)
                    n = 2;
                else if (v >> 3 == 0b11110)
                    n = 3;
                else
                    return false;
            }
            return n == 0;
        }
    };
    
  • class Solution:
        def validUtf8(self, data: List[int]) -> bool:
            n = 0
            for v in data:
                if n > 0:
                    if v >> 6 != 0b10:
                        return False
                    n -= 1
                elif v >> 7 == 0:
                    n = 0
                elif v >> 5 == 0b110:
                    n = 1
                elif v >> 4 == 0b1110:
                    n = 2
                elif v >> 3 == 0b11110:
                    n = 3
                else:
                    return False
            return n == 0
    
    
  • func validUtf8(data []int) bool {
    	n := 0
    	for _, v := range data {
    		if n > 0 {
    			if v>>6 != 0b10 {
    				return false
    			}
    			n--
    		} else if v>>7 == 0 {
    			n = 0
    		} else if v>>5 == 0b110 {
    			n = 1
    		} else if v>>4 == 0b1110 {
    			n = 2
    		} else if v>>3 == 0b11110 {
    			n = 3
    		} else {
    			return false
    		}
    	}
    	return n == 0
    }
    
  • function validUtf8(data: number[]): boolean {
        let cnt = 0;
        for (const v of data) {
            if (cnt > 0) {
                if (v >> 6 !== 0b10) {
                    return false;
                }
                --cnt;
            } else if (v >> 7 === 0) {
                cnt = 0;
            } else if (v >> 5 === 0b110) {
                cnt = 1;
            } else if (v >> 4 === 0b1110) {
                cnt = 2;
            } else if (v >> 3 === 0b11110) {
                cnt = 3;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return cnt === 0;
    }
    
    

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